Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Technology

Corporate Technical Training Programme

Pertecnica Engineering Training

1. Programme Overview

The Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Technology programme is designed to develop technical competencies in the treatment of raw water for industrial, municipal and commercial applications.

The programme provides comprehensive knowledge of water treatment processes, treatment equipment, operational procedures, process monitoring, water quality standards and plant maintenance.

Participants will gain practical understanding of conventional water treatment technologies, from raw water intake to the production of treated water suitable for its intended application.

2. Training Objectives

Upon completion of the programme, participants will be able to:

• Understand the principles and stages of conventional water treatment.
• Identify water treatment equipment, components and their functions.
• Understand chemical dosing, coagulation and flocculation processes.
• Monitor and control sedimentation and filtration operations.
• Understand water disinfection methods and their applications.
• Interpret process flow diagrams and P&IDs.
• Identify common operational problems and corrective actions.
• Apply preventive maintenance and operational safety practices.
• Monitor treated water quality and process performance.

3. Detailed Training Modules

Module 1: Raw Water Treatment

Key areas covered:

• Introduction to water treatment plants and their applications
• Sources of raw water: surface water, groundwater and reservoirs
• Raw water characteristics and quality parameters
• Raw water intake structures and pumping stations
• Screening and removal of floating and suspended materials
• Raw water storage and equalization
• Preliminary treatment processes
• Raw water quality assessment and sampling
• Raw water pumps, screens, valves and pipelines
• Raw water treatment process flow diagrams

Practical exposure:

• Identification of raw water intake equipment
• Raw water sampling and preliminary quality testing
• Understanding raw water pumping systems
• Interpretation of raw water treatment PFDs

Module 2: Coagulation Technology

Key areas covered:

• Principles of coagulation in water treatment
• Colloidal particles and suspended solids
• Electrical charge neutralization
• Coagulants and their applications
• Aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride and ferric sulphate
• PAC and other commercial coagulants
• Coagulant selection and dosage determination
• Rapid mixing and chemical dispersion
• Jar testing and optimum coagulant dosage
• Coagulation process monitoring and troubleshooting

Practical exposure:

• Jar test procedures and interpretation
• Chemical preparation and dosing calculations
• Coagulant dosing pump operation
• Identification of coagulation process problems

Module 3: Flocculation Technology

Key areas covered:

• Principles of floc formation and particle aggregation
• Difference between coagulation and flocculation
• Mechanical and hydraulic flocculation systems
• Flocculation tank design and configurations
• Paddle flocculators and agitators
• Mixing intensity and detention time
• Floc growth and settling characteristics
• Flocculation process optimization
• Floc breakup and operational problems
• Flocculation equipment maintenance

Practical exposure:

• Identification of flocculation equipment
• Observation of floc formation
• Understanding mixing speed and detention time
• Troubleshooting poor floc formation

Module 4: Sedimentation Technology

Key areas covered:

• Principles of sedimentation and gravity separation
• Settling velocity and particle characteristics
• Sedimentation tank types and configurations
• Rectangular and circular clarifiers
• Tube settlers and lamella clarifiers
• Clarifier inlet and outlet arrangements
• Sludge collection and removal systems
• Sludge scrapers and sludge pumps
• Surface overflow rate and detention time
• Clarifier performance monitoring
• Sludge blanket control and troubleshooting

Practical exposure:

• Identification of sedimentation equipment
• Understanding clarifier operation
• Sludge removal system inspection
• Clarifier performance assessment

Module 5: Filtration Technology

Key areas covered:

• Principles of filtration in water treatment
• Rapid sand filtration and gravity filters
• Pressure sand filters
• Dual-media and multimedia filtration
• Activated carbon filtration
• Filter media characteristics and selection
• Filter loading rate and filtration efficiency
• Head loss and differential pressure monitoring
• Filter backwashing and air scouring
• Filter media replacement and maintenance
• Turbidity monitoring and filter breakthrough
• Filtration process troubleshooting

Practical exposure:

• Identification of filtration equipment
• Filter operation and performance monitoring
• Backwashing sequence and procedure
• Differential pressure monitoring
• Filter media inspection and maintenance

Module 6: Disinfection Technology

Key areas covered:

• Principles and objectives of water disinfection
• Pathogenic microorganisms and waterborne diseases
• Chlorination and chlorine-based disinfectants
• Sodium hypochlorite and chlorine gas systems
• UV disinfection technology
• Ozone disinfection technology
• Chemical dosing and disinfection systems
• Contact tanks and contact time
• Chlorine demand and residual chlorine
• CT concept: disinfectant concentration × contact time
• Microbiological water quality monitoring
• Disinfection safety and chemical handling
• Disinfection process troubleshooting

Practical exposure:

• Identification of disinfection equipment
• Chlorine dosing system operation
• Residual chlorine testing
• Understanding UV and ozone systems
• Chemical safety and emergency procedures

4. Plant Equipment and Systems Covered

• Raw water intake pumps
• Screening equipment
• Chemical storage and preparation tanks
• Chemical dosing pumps
• Rapid mixers
• Flocculators and agitators
• Clarifiers and sedimentation tanks
• Sludge scrapers and sludge pumps
• Pressure and gravity filters
• Filter media and backwashing systems
• Chlorination and disinfection systems
• Flowmeters, pressure gauges and water quality sensors
• Valves, pipelines and associated instrumentation

5. Process Monitoring and Water Quality

Participants will understand the monitoring of:

• pH
• Turbidity
• Total dissolved solids (TDS)
• Total suspended solids (TSS)
• Alkalinity
• Hardness
• Residual chlorine
• Colour and odour
• Microbiological parameters

6. Industrial Applications

The training programme is applicable to:

• Municipal drinking water treatment plants
• Industrial process water treatment plants
• Power plants and boiler feedwater pretreatment
• Manufacturing and processing industries
• Food and beverage industries
• Pharmaceutical industries
• Commercial and institutional water treatment systems
• Infrastructure and water supply projects

7. Training Methodology

8. Recommended Programme Duration

Recommended duration: 5 working days

The duration can be customized based on the client’s operational requirements and participants’ existing technical experience.

9. Target Participants

• Graduate and diploma engineers
• Mechanical engineers
• Chemical engineers
• Environmental engineers
• Civil engineers
• Water treatment plant operators
• Maintenance engineers and technicians
• Process engineers
• Utility and facility management personnel
• Project and commissioning engineers

10. Learning Outcomes

After completing the programme, participants will have the technical foundation to understand conventional water treatment plant operations, identify major equipment, monitor treatment processes, interpret process documentation and support operational, maintenance and troubleshooting activities.

Certification: Pertecnica Certificate of Completion in Water Treatment Plant (WTP) Technology, subject to successful completion of the programme and assessment.